Glossary

Freedom to operate (FTO search)

A freedom to operate (FTO) search assesses whether a product or technology can be made, used or sold in a specific jurisdiction without infringing someone else’s patent rights. It identifies active patents that may restrict commercialisation and helps organizations understand their legal risk before entering a market.

Description

An FTO search focuses on granted, in-force patents rather than pending applications or expired assets. Researchers review claims, legal status, jurisdiction and ownership to determine whether any patent may cover elements of the proposed product or process. This analysis forms the foundation for legal opinions prepared by patent counsel.

FTO searches are typically performed before product launch, licensing discussions, investment decisions or market expansion. They help companies avoid litigation, redesign products early in development or negotiate licences where needed. Because patent status varies across countries, an FTO search must be conducted for each jurisdiction of interest. Accuracy is essential. A strong FTO search requires thorough patent retrieval, correct interpretation of claims and up-to-date status checks. Structured workflows and access to specialized subject-matter expertise help ensure that the results are complete and reliable.

Example use cases

  • Risk assessment: Assessing commercial risk before launching a new product.
  • Expansion: Supporting market entry or expansion planning.
  • Landscape: Evaluating the patent landscape around a new technology.
  • Redesign: Guiding product redesign to avoid infringement.
  • Licensing: Preparing for licensing or partnership negotiations.
  • Due diligence: Supporting due diligence for mergers, acquisitions or investment.

Key benefits

Prevention
Identify infringement risks before investing in production or entry.
Savings
Reduce exposure to costly litigation.
Clarity
Gain clarity on active patents and their territorial coverage.
Strategy
Support strategic decision-making with reliable patent intelligence.
Strategy
Enable product adjustments or licensing strategies early in development.

RWS perspective

RWS delivers comprehensive FTO searches through experienced research teams who combine advanced retrieval tools with deep subject-matter knowledge. Structured workflows, global coverage and human analysis ensure organizations receive complete, accurate and actionable insights before entering a market. This Human + Technology blend helps legal and product teams assess risk confidently, adapt strategies early and protect investments with clear evidence.