Literal translation

Literal translation focuses on direct equivalence – replacing each word or phrase with its counterpart in the target language. This approach is useful when precision of terminology is vital, such as in technical or legal documentation. However, in most contexts, it can lead to awkward phrasing or loss of meaning.

Languages rarely align perfectly in syntax, tone or idiom. A literal approach may produce grammatically correct results that sound unnatural to native readers or even alter the intended message. For example, idioms, humor and culturally specific references often require interpretation rather than direct substitution. Professional translation balances literal accuracy with stylistic adaptation – ensuring the outcome reads naturally while remaining faithful to the original intent. This balance distinguishes true localization (L10n) from mechanical or unreviewed machine translation (MT).

At RWS, literal translation is a starting point – not the destination. While certain legal, scientific or technical materials benefit from direct translation, most content requires human judgment to preserve meaning, emotion and cultural intent.

Our linguists and Subject-matter experts (SMEs) go beyond literal word matching to deliver clarity, fluency and authenticity. Using Trados and Language Weaver, we support both literal and adaptive approaches – combining automation for speed with expert review for nuance. In practice, RWS teams assess each project’s purpose and audience before choosing the right balance of fidelity and flexibility. The goal is not just to say the same words – but to make them mean the same thing.