Glossary

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a specialized branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that gives computers the ability to understand, interpret and generate human language in a way that is meaningful and useful. It bridges the gap between human communication – which is often ambiguous and complex – and computer understanding, enabling machines to process text and speech data with near-human levels of comprehension.

Description

Language is the primary way humans communicate, yet for computers, it has traditionally been a difficult code to crack. While computers excel at processing structured data (like spreadsheets or database records), human language is unstructured, full of idioms, slang, tonal nuances and context-dependent meanings. NLP technologies solve this by using computational linguistics – rule-based modeling of human language – combined with statistical, machine learning and deep learning models.

The evolution of NLP has been rapid. Early systems relied on rigid, hand-coded rules. Today, modern NLP utilizes Large Language Models (LLMs) and neural networks to ingest massive amounts of text data, learning the patterns and relationships between words without explicit programming. This allows systems to perform complex tasks such as determining the sentiment behind a customer review, summarizing a 50-page legal contract or translating a live conversation in real time. In the enterprise, NLP turns unstructured text into actionable data. It powers search engines that understand intent rather than just keywords, chatbots that can hold fluid conversations and analytics tools that mine social media for brand insights. However, the accuracy of any NLP system depends entirely on the quality of the data used to train it. Without diverse, high-quality and well-annotated training data, NLP models can fail to understand specific domains or exhibit bias.

Example use cases

  • Translation: Automatically translating text or speech from one language to another with high fluency.
  • Sentiment: Scanning customer feedback, surveys and social media to determine if public opinion is positive, negative or neutral.
  • Conversation: Powering chatbots and virtual assistants that can understand natural queries.
  • Summarization: Using algorithms to digest long-form content like news articles or research papers.
  • Extraction: Automatically identifying and classifying key elements in text, such as names, dates and locations.

Key benefits

Scalability
Processes vast volumes of text and speech data 24/7, far beyond human capacity.
Connection
Breaks down language barriers instantly, enabling real-time communication across borders.
Experience
Provides instant, personalized support through intelligent virtual agents.
Efficiency
Automates routine tasks like document classification and data entry.
Efficiency
Unlocks value hidden in unstructured data sources like emails and call logs.

RWS perspective

At RWS, we see Natural Language Processing as the engine of global understanding. Our approach to NLP is grounded in the belief that AI requires the best of Human + Technology. We provide the essential fuel for NLP systems through TrainAI, our data services solution.

We help organizations collect, clean and annotate the massive multilingual datasets required to train high-performing NLP models. From audio transcription for speech recognition to semantic annotation for entity extraction, our global network of linguists ensures that data is accurate, diverse and culturally representative. Furthermore, we apply NLP directly through our own platforms – Language Weaver for secure neural machine translation and Tridion for intelligent content delivery – demonstrating how linguistic AI can transform business operations at scale.